Hazard Communication and Local Perception of Lahar Risk at Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador (VUELCO meeting, Barcelona, 2013)
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Abstract
This research examines risk perception and hazard communication for Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador, which has shown increased unrest in recent decades, since the last eruption in 1940, which may be suggestive of a future phase of eruptive activity. One of the main eruptive and non-eruptive volcanic risks on glacier-clad Cotopaxi are lahars. This study focuses on the Valle de los Chillos, one of three drainage systems down which lahars are channelled.
Risk perception at it's simplest can be seen as how risk is understood or interpreted by a person(s). The perception a population has of a volcanic hazard influences their reaction to disasters, as well as influencing mitigation procedures. Allied to risk perception is hazard communication, which seeks to educate people about risks and mitigation.
Individuals and communities face multiple sources of risk, and their perception of volcanic risk can potentially increase or decrease vulnerability. Therefore, risk perception and hazard communication need to be studied in relation to volcanic risk, and in relation to the Northern Valley of Cotopaxi, lahar risk.
This study focussed on the towns of San Rafael and Sangolquí, and comprises of 158 interviewees. The focus was on individuals' perceptions of lahar risk, broader perceptions of insecurity, and hazard communication and education, applying qualitative and quantitative methods. Statistical evaluation of the interviews, aimed to determine a view of the overall risk perception and communication in the towns.
Output from this research aims to improve the understanding of risk perception and hazard communication around Cotopaxi and other densely populated areas along lahar drainage systems. Research has generated a number of results including that perception of volcanic risk is low, as well as there being a lack of trust in officials. Ultimately, research into this important topic should provide long-term solutions to improve the protection of at-risk populations.