The Titan2D toolkit is used for modeling of geophysical mass flows over natural terrain (volcanic flows, avalanches, landslides etc.). Titan2D uses an adaptive finite volume scheme, and assumes that a large class of granular flows of geophysical origin can be modeled as an incompressible continuum satisfying a Mohr-Coulomb law (see References for detailed mathematical formulation). The solution is parallelized using the message-passing interface (MPI), and simulations for difficult terrains can be relatively time consuming even on large computational clusters. An essential input is the digital elevation model (DEM), since the flow simulation requires elevation, slope, curvature, and material information at every cell to be computed. This tool fronts a Titan2D simulation, but does not prepare the necessary DEM input, which is a prerequisite.

S. B. Savage and K. Hutter, The Motion of a Finite Mass of Granular Material Down a Rough Incline, J. Fluid Mech. 199, 177-215 (1989).

R. M. Iverson and R. P. Denlinger, Flow of Variably Fluidized Granular Material Across Three-dimensional Terrain 1. Coulomb Mixture Theory, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 537-552 (2002).

E. B. Pitman, A. Patra, A. Bauer, C. Nichita, M. Sheridan and M. Bursik, Computing Debris Flows, Physics of Fluids 15, 3638-3646 (2003).

A. K. Patra, A. C. Bauer, C. Nichita, E. Bruce Pitman, M. F. Sheridan, M. Bursik, B. Rupp, A. Webber, L. Namikawa and C. Renschler, Parallel Adaptive Numerical Simulation of Dry Avalanches over Natural Terrain, J. Volcanol. Geothermal Res. 139, 1-21 (2005).

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

• E. B. Pitman, A. Patra, A. Bauer, C. Nichita, M. Sheridan and M. Bursik, Computing Debris Flows, Physics of Fluids 15, 3638-3646 (2003).

• (2010), "Titan2D Mass-Flow Simulation Tool," https://theghub.org/resources/titan2d.

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1. simulation
2. TITAN2D
3. tool